To prepare different organic extracts, ME was further dissolved in deionized (DI) water and successively partitioned using n-hexane (HE), dichloromethane (DME), chloroform (CE), and ethyl acetate (EAE) solvents. glyptostroboides floral cones with a yield of 9.40%. The supernatant was dried using a rotary evaporator (N-1110S-W, Eyela, Tokyo, Japan), resulting in the crude methanol extract (ME) of M. glyptostroboides was subjected to methanol extraction at a ratio of 1:10 (w/v) for 1В week and then filtered through a 0.45-Ојm Whatman No. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Co. DulbeccoвЂ™s Modified EagleвЂ™s Medium (DMEM), penicillin/streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and trypsin were purchased from Gibco (Carlsbad, CA). The organic solvents n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate were purchased from Daejung (Korea). Also, chemical component analysis of the DME extract was performed using GCвЂ“MS analysis. glyptostroboides floral cone extracts prepared with various organic solvents were assessed for their anticancer effects on the cervical cancer cell line HeLa cells versus their normal counterparts, COS-7 cells.

glyptostroboides floral cone extracts on cervical cancer has not been addressed to date. glyptostroboides-derived extracts or secondary metabolites have been found to exhibit numerous biological and pharmacological activities 11, 12, 13, the effect of M. Herbal plant-based extracts have shown enormous potential in the treatment of various diseases, including cervical cancer. glyptostroboides) is a deciduous conifer from the red-wood family of Cupressaceae and is distributed in Europe as well as many parts of East Asia and North America 10. Metasequoia glyptostroboides Miki ex Hu ( M. The extrinsic pathway is primarily mediated by the signaling through membrane-bound receptors belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily called the вЂњdeath domainвЂќ 9.

The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is activated inside the cell by the Bcl-2 protein family and is independent of receptor signal transduction 8, 9. These pathways are also known as mitochondrial and death receptor pathways, respectively 8. Apoptosis is mediated by an intrinsic or extrinsic pathway based on the origin of the apoptotic stimulus. Targeting apoptosis avoidance, a major feature of cancers, is the most effective nonsurgical strategy for the treatment of cancers because it is not specific to the cause or type of cancer 8. However, adversary side effects, poor bio-distribution, and high toxicity to non-cancerous cells limit the use of DOX 6, 7. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used for the treatment of various cancers 5. Consequently, high chemotherapeutic doses that are adversary to human health are the only options to treat the mucosal and epithelial membranes of the affected tissues. Surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy can affect drug efficacy.

Tumor cells in the ovary can metastasize to the lymphatic and circulatory systems if not blocked by the anatomical barriers 4. In addition, the administration of chemotherapeutic agents and multi-drug resistance are accompanied by severe side effects that cause negative gynecological and obstetric outcomes 2, 3. Although the cervical cancer screening program has reduced the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, the incidence among young women remains a public health problem 1. glyptostroboides floral cones, especially the DME extract, which possesses several anticancer components, as determined by GCвЂ“MS analysis, could a potential natural anticancer agent.Д¬ervical cancer affects many women in developing countries and has a high mortality rate. Our results suggest that the extracts of M. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to quantitate the relative RNA and protein levels of the cell death pathway components, respectively. The number of cells at the sub-G1 phase, which indicates apoptotic cells, was increased approximately fourfold upon treatment with the DME and CE extracts compared with that in the negative control. Further, the sub-G1 population was determined by FACS analysis. The viability of COS-7 cells was found to be 12-fold higher than that of the HeLa cells under the administration of 50В Вµg/ml of the DME extract.

The anticancer effect was evaluated by using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. HeLa cervical and COS-7 cells were used as a cancer cell model and normal cell control, respectively. glyptostroboides floral cones was subjected to methanol extraction, and the resulting extract was further partitioned by liquidвЂ“liquid extraction using the organic solvents n-hexane, dichloromethane (DME), chloroform, and ethyl acetate in addition to deionized water. This study was undertaken to investigate the anticancer effects of organic extracts derived from the floral cones of Metasequoia glyptostroboides.